ENGINE
The airplane is powered by a direct drive, horizontally opposed, four cylinder, overhead valve, air cooled, fuel injected engine with a wet sump lubrication system. The engine is a Lycoming Model IO-360-L2A rated at 180 horsepower at 2700 RPM. Major accessories include a starter and belt driven alternator mounted on the front of the engine, dual magnetos, vacuum pump, engine driven fuel pump, and a full flow oil filter mounted on the rear of the engine accessory case.
ENGINE CONTROLS
Engine power is set using the throttle control. The throttle control is a smooth black knob located at the center of the instrument panel below the standby instruments. The throttle control is configured so that the throttle is open in the forward position and closed in the full aft position.
A friction lock, located at the base of the throttle, is operated by rotating the lock clockwise to increase friction or counterclockwise to decrease friction.
Engine fuel mixture is controlled by the mixture control. The mixture control is a red knob, with raised points around the circumference,
located immediately to the right of the throttle control and is equipped with a lock button in the end of the knob. The rich position is full forward, and full aft is the idle cutoff position. For small adjustments, the control may be moved forward by rotating the knob clockwise, and aft by rotating the knob counterclockwise. For rapid or large adjustments, the knob may be moved forward or aft by depressing the lock button in the end of the control, and then positioning the control as desired.
ENGINE INSTRUMENTS
The G1000 Engine Indication System (EIS) provides graphical indicators and numeric values for engine, fuel, and electrical system parameters to the pilot. The EIS is shown in a vertical strip on the left side of the PFD during engine starts and on the MFD during normal operation. If either the MFD or PFD fails during flight, the EIS is shown on the remaining display.
The EIS consists of three pages that are selected using the ENGINE softkey. The ENGINE page provides indicators for Tachometer (RPM), Fuel Flow (FFLOW GPH), Oil Pressure (OIL PRES), Oil Temperature (OIL TEMP), Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT), Vacuum (VAC), Fuel Quantity (FUEL QTY GAL), Engine Hours (ENG HRS), Electrical Bus Voltages (VOLTS), and Battery Currents (AMPS). When the ENGINE softkey is pressed, the LEAN and SYSTEM softkeys appear adjacent to the ENGINE softkey. The LEAN page provides simultaneous indicators for Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT °F) and Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT °F) on all cylinders to be used for adjusting, or leaning, the fuel/air mixture along with a digital value for FFLOW GPH and a indicator for FUEL QTY GAL. The SYSTEM page provides numerical values for parameters on the ENGINE page that are shown as indicators only. The SYSTEM page also provides a digital value for Fuel Used (GAL USED) and Fuel Remaining (GAL REM).
The engine and airframe unit, located forward of the instrument panel, receives signals from the engine/system sensors for the parameters that are being monitored. The engine and airframe unit provides data to the EIS, which displays the data for the ENGINE page described on the following pages.
RPM (TACHOMETER)
Engine speed (RPM) is shown by the tachometer indicator found on all EIS pages. The tachometer indicator uses a circular scale with moving pointer and a digital value. The pointer moves through a range from 0 to 3000 RPM. The numerical RPM value is displayed in increments of 10 RPM in white numerals below the pointer.
The normal engine speed operating limit (top of green arc) changes with altitude. For standard-day conditions, between sea level and 5000 feet, 2500 RPM is the upper limit of the normal operating range. From 5000 feet to 10,000 feet, 2600 RPM is the top of the normal range. And above 10,000 feet, 2700 RPM is the upper limit of the normal operating range. When engine speed is 2780 RPM or more, the pointer, digital value, and label (RPM) turn red to show engine speed is more than the limit.
The digital value and label (RPM) will flash. The engine speed (tachometer) is displayed in the same configuration and location on the LEAN and SYSTEM pages. If engine speed becomes 2780 RPM or more, while on the LEAN or SYSTEM page, the display will return to the ENGINE page.
A speed sensor, mounted on the engine tachometer drive accessory pad, provides a digital signal to the engine and airframe unit which processes and outputs the RPM data to the EIS. A red X through the RPM indicator shows the indicating system is inoperative.
FUEL FLOW
Fuel flow is shown on the ENGINE page by the FFLOW GPH horizontal indicator. The indicator range is from 0 to 20 gallons per hour (GPH) with 2 GPH graduations, with a green band from 0 to 12 GPH. A white pointer shows the measured fuel flow.
A digital value for FFLOW GPH is included on both the EIS LEAN and SYSTEM pages. The fuel flow transducer is located in the engine fuel injection system between the fuel/air control unit (servo) and the fuel distribution manifold (flow divider). The transducer provides a signal to the engine display that is processed and shown as fuel flow (FFLOW) on the EIS pages. A red X through the indicator means the indicating system is inoperative.
OIL PRESSURE
Engine oil pressure is shown on the ENGINE page by the OIL PRES horizontal indicator. The indicator range is 0 to 120 PSI with a red band from 0 to 20 PSI, a green band from 50 to 90 PSI (normal operating range) and a red band from 115 to 120 PSI. A white pointer indicates actual oil pressure. Oil pressure is shown numerically on the SYSTEM page.
When oil pressure is 0 to 20 PSI or 115 to 120 PSI, the pointer, digital value, and label (OIL PRES) will change to red to show that oil pressure is outside normal limits. If oil pressure exceeds either the upper or lower limit while on the LEAN or SYSTEM page, the EIS will return to the ENGINE page.
When the engine speed (RPM) is in the green arc and the oil temperature is in the green band, the oil pressure should be in the green band. If oil pressure is below the green band or above the green band, adjust the engine speed to maintain adequate oil pressure. When engine speed is at idle or near idle, the oil pressure indication must be above the lower red band. With the engine at normal operating oil temperature, and engine speed at or close to idle, oil pressure below the green band, but above the lower red band, is acceptable.
In cold weather, the oil pressure will initially be high (close to the upper red band when the engine is started). As the engine and oil warm up, the oil pressure will come down into the green band range. The oil pressure transducer, connected to the engine forward oil pressure port, provides a signal to the engine display that is processed and shown as oil pressure. A separate low oil pressure switch causes an OIL PRESSURE annunciation on the PFD when oil pressure is 0 to 20 PSI. A red X through the oil pressure indicator means that the indicating system is inoperative.
OIL TEMPERATURE
Engine oil temperature is shown on the ENGINE page by the OIL TEMP horizontal indicator. The indicator range is from 75°F to 250°F with a green band (normal operating range) from 100°F to 245°F and a red band from 245°F to 250°F. A white pointer indicates actual oil temperature. Oil temperature is displayed numerically on the SYSTEM page.
When oil temperature is in the red band, 245°F to 250°F, the pointer and OIL TEMP turn red and flash to show oil temperature is higher than the limit. If oil temperature becomes hotter than 245°F while on the LEAN or SYSTEM page, the display will default to the ENGINE page.
The oil temperature sensor is installed in the engine oil filter adapter and provides a signal to the engine display that is processed and shown as oil temperature. A red X through the indicator shows that the indicating system is inoperative.
CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE
Cylinder head temperature (CHT) for all four cylinders are shown on the LEAN page. The cylinder with the hottest CHT is indicated by a cyan bar graph. The indicator range is from 100°F to 500°F with a normal operating range from 200°F to 500°F and a warning range (red line) at 500°F. When the CHT is 500°F or hotter, the bar segments, CHT label and °F digital value will change to red to show that the CHT is greater than the limit.
A thermocouple is installed in each cylinder head and provides a signal to the engine display that is processed and shown as CHT on the EIS LEAN page. The LEAN page will show a red X over any cylinder that has a probe or wiring failure.
EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE
Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is shown on the ENGINE page by the EGT horizontal indicator. The indicator range is from 1250°F to 1650°F with graduations every 50°F. The white pointer indicates relative EGT with the number of the hottest cylinder displayed inside the pointer. If a cylinder EGT probe or wiring failure occurs for the hottest EGT, the next hottest EGT will be displayed.
The EGT for all four cylinders is shown on the LEAN page of the EIS. The hottest cylinder is indicated by the cyan bar graph. The EGT for a particular cylinder may be shown by using the CYL SLCT softkey to select the desired cylinder. Automatic indication of the hottest cylinder will resume a short time after the CYL SLCT is last selected. The LEAN page will show a red X over a cylinder that has a probe or wiring failure.
A thermocouple is installed in the exhaust pipe of each cylinder which measures EGT and provides a signal to the engine display that is processed and shown as EGT on the EIS LEAN page.
No comments:
Post a Comment