Saturday, May 8, 2021

IFR Communication

 IFR Communication

5 Things I Do Before an IFR Flight 
1. Always file to an approach FIX (if you lose comm - ATC knows where you are 
2. Brief Approach on the Grown - (thinking ahead on aircraft- frequencies NDA, Altitude etc) 
3. STARS & DP ahead of time 
4. Figure out Departure Frequency ahead of time (CRAFT)
5. Preview Routing Ahead of time
  • Clearance  CRAFT Clearance, Route, Altitude, Frequency Departure, Transponder Code
  • Approach
  • Hold           SW VOR Ocala 210 maintain 6K'  expect clearance in 6 mins.
  • ILS Clear  - PHACR Position, Heading, Altitude, Clear for ILS, Runway 

Note:

  • If you're on IFR flight plan and you are NOT within Approach, you are with CENTER
  • Approach Control airspace below 10,000'

Lost Comm (procedures) 7500 Hijack,  7600 Lost Comm,  7700 General Emergency 
Emergency (procedures)

23mz  Ocala 

CLEARANCE  
C - Cleared to OCF 
R - AF (as filed)
A - Climb and maintain  ..  Expect  .. 10 mins after departure
F - 118.6
T - 3476


HOLD   
ATC: Hold SW VOR Ocala 210 maintain 6K  expect clearance in 6 mins.
Hold SW of ocala VOR on 210 Radial 
Maintain 6000 
Expect Clearance in ... Mins
Approach

Clearance 
C - Cleared to MLB Malborne 
R - AF (as filed) RV LAL Direct
A - Climb and maintain  ...3..  Expect  ..6.... 10 mins after departure
F - 118.17
T - 3554

GNV

C Granville 
R V441 Gators
A  Climb and maintain-5 expect 6 - 10 mins after departure
F 121.45
T 5672


Clearing for ILS
Tower: Cessna302Y, 5 miles, turn left 030, maintain 2,800 until establish on ILS (or published portion of approach), clear for the ILS, runway 36

P Position 5 Miles (information not a command not to read)
H Heading  030  (typical 30deg intercept, sometimes you get 20 deg if steep)
A Altitude 2.8
C Clearance  ILS
R Runway 36

TowerCessna302Y, 5 miles, turn left 030, maintain 2,800 until establish on ILS (or published portion of approach), clear for the ILS, runway 36

Pilot: 030 heading, 2.8 until establish ILS runway 36 93G
030, 2.8 until establish ILS runway 36 302Y

Note: Once you are in site the Outer Marker, they'll switch you to Tower 

Approach:  Cessna302Y Contact Tower, 118.6
Pilot: Tower, 118.6 see you

Note: Pilot switch frequency to tower 118.6 

Pilot: Fargo Tower, Cessna302Y, with you ILS 36
Tower: Cessna302Y, continue  (this is NOT a clearance to land)
Tower: Cessna302Y, you're clear to land Runway 36


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYh-AzKN7H4

ORAL Exam Prep
Here’s an index:
Privileges of an instrument rating
Regency of IFR experience required to act as PIC under IFR rules
Logged experience requirements for the IFR check ride

Weather planning 
“What’s the difference between the forecast weather?” [… and what?]
Explains TAF, AF, Prog chart, Lifted index chart
“Do we have any SIGMETs or AIRMETs today?”
“Will we have any fog today?”
Icing hazards
Winds aloft
In-flight weather resources

Pizza at destination
Fuel planning considerations
“Minimum fuel” notification to ATC vs. fuel emergency
Flight route review on charts
IFR Chart symbiology
How to determine preferred routes
Elements of an IFR flight plan
Procedures to activate and close a flight plan
Ryanair cabin crew bikini calendar
Oxygen requirements

Altitude and course requirements
Pre-flight requirements
Visibility requirements
“Can we fly through a TFR?”
Alternate requirements
Define RAIM? 
[correction: “receiver autonomous …”, not “radio autonomous …”]

HUMAN FACTORS
Human factors affecting a go/no-go decision
Areas unsuitable for landing
Aircraft systems required for VFR and IFR operation
De-icing and anti-icing equipment on small planes
Instrument failures
Do we need a compass for this flight?
Do we need a transponder for this flight?

Navigation instruments
Flight Instrument Failure Modes
Approved vs. non-approved navigation devices
Explain PFD and MFD
How to deal with inoperative equipment
Loss of navigational equipment during an IFR flight
When is it safe to program navigational equipment
IFR equipment checks during taxi
Currency of GPS database
Runway incursions; explain hotspots

CLEARANCE
Obtaining the clearance
Combined ground/clearance delivery frequencies
PIC responsibility/authority with reference to accepting clearances
Clearance readback requirements
PIC emergency authority
Purpose of “expect” information

Lost communications procedures

Instrument departure procedures
Clearance void time
Closing a flight plan at a non-towered airport
Pop-up IFR clearances
IFR in a non-radar environment
Terrain collision avoidance
CDI deflection limits at which to go missed

HOLD
Purpose of Holding Procedures
Mandatory reports at holds
Holding entry procedures
Protected vs. non-protected side of the hold
Speed limits in holds
Side of the holding pattern
Turns in a holding pattern
Fuel recomputation associated with a hold
Wind corrections in a hold
Use of an autopilot in a hold

Fly by reference to the instruments
Spatial disorientation
Optical illusions
Normal vs. abnormal instrument indications
Instrument cross-check
Physiological factors associated with flight in unusual attitudes

Recovery procedures from unusual attitudes
Intercepting and tracking a DME arc
Indications of navigational system failure

APPROACH PLATE
Precision vs. non-precision approach symbology
Explain how to perform a procedure turn
Airport diagram symbology
FAF to MAP timing
Approach chart profile view
Approach categories
Limitations of non-precision approach
Types of minimums in RNAV approach
Annunciations produced by the GPS navigation system during flight
What to look for in a missed approach



Hypoxia  When in doubt get the mask out 
ear popping
gas bloating 
lungs expand 
visual scanning  
tunnel vision  
hands feel heavy
warm and flush face
Fall behind aircraft 


Heading Speed altitude



ADM Aeronautical Decision Making

3 P   pdf
D D

Carbon monoxide
Cabin Heat in cockpit - Crack in Manifold

ASR Approach


IFR EMERGENCIES
Loss COMM
Partial Panel
Engine Trouble  ABC airspeed best landing area communication
Unexpected Weather


Partial  Panel 
Timing turns (mental Math) 2mins
3 deg per sec
30 deg tun 9 sec
1/2 standard turn

Partial Panel - practice Approach holds 

Engine Quit 
vacuum failure  
attitude no suction
heading indicator no suction 


Unexpected Weather
Make 180 deg turn 
alternate (have multiple alternate - approach you will shoot
Airmets, segment convective segment
freezing level
Low pressure  (crummy weather )
Cold Fronts Prognostic Charts - 


LESSONS
Lesson #1 What is Instrument Flying
Lesson #2 Aeromedical
Lesson #3 How Our Instruments Work and Scanning
Lesson #4 Departure
Lesson #5 Enroute
Lesson #6 Approaches
Lesson #7 Physical Weather
Lesson #8 Text Weather
Lesson #9 Decision Making
Lesson #10 IFR Flight Planning
Lesson #11 IFR Emergencies
Lesson #12 The IFR Checkride

LESSON TOPICS
1.1 What You Must Have for An Instrument Rating
1.2 What is Instrument Flying?
1.3 Making Smart Decisions with Your Instrument Rating


LESSON TOPICS
2.1 Advanced Human Factors
2.2 Hypoxia
2.3 Aviation Oxygen Requirements
2.4 IMSAFE & PAVE Checklists
2.5 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

LESSON TOPICS
3.1 How Our Instruments Work
3.2 Inside Systems
3.3 Instrument Error & IFR Tolerances
3.4 Attitude Instrument Flying & Scanning


LESSON TOPICS
4.1 IFR Clearances
4.2 Departure Procedures

LESSON TOPICS
5.1 IFR Acronyms You Must Know
5.2 What Routes to Fly?
5.3 Reading Enroute Charts
5.4 Holding Patterns
5.5 Enroute Communications
5 Bonus: VOR Lesson



LESSON TOPICS
6.1 Types of Approaches
6.2 Reading Approach Plates
6.3 Comparing Charts
6.4 Approach Radio Communications
6.5 Shooting ILS Approaches
6.6 Shooting VOR Approaches
6.7 Shooting GPS Approaches
6.8 Other Types of Approaches
6.9 Fine Tuning Your Approaches
6.10 Going Missed (When and Why)
6.11 STARS
6.12 IFR Alternates


LESSON TOPICS
7.1 Choosing Acceptable IFR Weather
7.2 Why Thunderstorms Form
7.3 Icing Conditions
7.4 Turbulence
7.5 IFR Personal Minimums

LESSON TOPICS
8.1 Reading and Understanding METARS
8.2 Reading and Understanding TAFS
8.3 Reading, Understanding, and Reporting PIREPS
8.4 Pre-Flight Weather Briefing
8.5 Area Forecast
8.6 Weather Charting

LESSON TOPICS
9.1 Making Go and No Go Decisions
9.2 Staying Sharp In The Cockpit
9.3 Flying with Passengers in IFR
9.4 FAA ADM Acronyms


LESSON TOPICS
10.1 IFR Fuel Requirements
10.2 IFR Alternate Requirements
10.3 IFR Altitude Selection  odd even  1.000 block -  msa mra mca weather IFR altitudes Freezing levels
10.4 Filling in the Navigation Log  IAF


LESSON TOPICS
11.1 Lost Comm Procedures
11.2 Partial Panel (Compass Turns)
11.3 Engine Trouble
11.4 Unexpected Weather



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