Leaning the engine

Leaning Engine

Fuel Air Mixture
RoP  Rich on Peak
LoP  Lean on Peak 

Red Knob - Fuel Mixture  (adjust mixture 1/4 to 1/8 of turn)
Black Knob - Throttle 

Normally Asperated Engine 
For combustion you need  Fuel Air Spark

Fuel and air    1 part of Fuel to 14.7 mass of air
at 5000' altitude the air is less 

Reference:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yq0XW8K5CrU

Performance

Performance

• Take off Distance
• Maximum Rate of Climb
• Time Fuel Distance to Climb
• Cruise Performance
• Landing Distance

 

TakeOff Distance 

Maximum Weight 2550 Lbs 

Short Field

1. Prior to takeoff from fields above 3000 feet elevation, the mixture should be leaned to give maximum RPM in a full throttle, static run-up.

2. Decrease distances 10% for each 9 knots headwind. For operation with tailwinds up to 10 knots, increase distances by 10% for each 2 knots.

3. For operation on a dry, grass runway, increase distances by 15% of the "ground roll" figure

Figure 1 - Takeoff Distance 2550

MAXIMUM WEIGHT 2400 AND 2200 LBS
SHORT FIELD

MAXIMUM RATE OF CLIMB
CONDITION:
Flaps up
Full Throttle
Mixture leaned above 3000 feet for maximum performance

The Art of Perfect Landing: Mastering Traffic Pattern Procedures Overview

 

#The Art of Perfect Landing: Mastering Traffic Pattern Procedures Overview

Mastering traffic pattern procedures is essential for safe and efficient arrivals at non-towered airports, providing a standardized flow of aircraft within the terminal area and enhancing predictability in a potentially hazardous environment. Join us as we delve into the intricacies of traffic patterns, transforming the once perilous rectangular course into a streamlined pathway to successful landings.

#Departure Leg (500-700 ft AGL)

Depart the runway and ascend to 500-700 feet above ground level (AGL). This phase offers a panoramic view of the airstrip and surroundings, enabling you to assess conditions and chart a successful approach.

#Crosswind Leg (700-900 ft AGL)

Transition smoothly from the upwind leg, maintaining 700-900 feet AGL. Here, refine your heading and position, preparing for the critical downwind leg.

#Downwind Leg (Established at TPA - 1000 ft AGL)

Descend to pattern altitude, usually 1000 feet above airport elevation, and establish on the downwind leg. This segment parallels the runway, providing stability in the dynamic environment.

#Base Leg

Initiate a controlled descent from pattern altitude to 500-600 feet AGL. Adjust throttle and configuration, preparing for the transition to final approach.

#Final Approach

Align precisely with the extended runway centerline, maintaining a speed at roughly 1.3 times your aircraft's stall speed (Vso). Execute a controlled descent from 500-600 feet AGL, guiding the aircraft smoothly toward your target landing point for a precise and graceful touchdown.

In aviation, flexibility is paramount as each landing presents unique challenges. Adaptation to changing variables is crucial, aiming to gracefully bleed off excessive airspeed and altitude. Remember, always be mindful of wind direction.

#Essential Reminders

- Flexibility: Each landing presents unique challenges; adaptability to changing variables is crucial.

- Control: Gracefully manage airspeed and altitude, always being mindful of wind direction.

- Good Instruction: While this serves as a helpful guide to the theory and steps involved in the landing sequence, it is not a substitute for your flight instructor and the essential, high-quality one-on-one training they provide.

Q.What would you add or change to this overview of the landing Pattern at non-traffic airfields?

Eights on Pylons - Overview Ground reference Maneuver

 

Eights on Pylons - Visual Clues

The maneuver "Eights on Pylons of" is part of ground reference training, focusing on wind awareness and smooth control at low altitudes. The aim is to circle two points on the ground in a figure-eight pattern while keeping a constant visual reference of the points at a specific altitude.

The key element here is pivotal altitude, which is the height where an object on the ground stays fixed relative to your aircraft's wingtip during turns. The formula for calculating this altitude is:

Pivotal Altitude = (Ground Speed^2) / 11.3

For practical purposes, starting around 900-1000 feet AGL usually works well. As your ground speed changes throughout the maneuver, the pivotal altitude will fluctuate slightly. The pilot adjusts the aircraft's attitude by increasing or reducing elevator pressure to maintain the pylon's position on the wingtip.

Mastery of this maneuver, like any flight skill, requires systematic practice. It helps sharpen overall piloting skills, especially useful when preparing for your CPL check ride.

[#Why] The Perfect Glide Slope

 [#Why] The Perfect Glide Slope,

The 3° glide slope is the gold standard for most airport approaches, offering a safe, efficient descent path. While there are other glide slopes used in specific situations, the 3° angle is the standard default, used globally unless obstructions or terrain call for a steeper approach, sometimes up to 5°.

Why 3° Matters:

• PAPI Lights and Glide Paths: Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) lights are set to align with this slope. Straying from this standard can lead to higher, longer approaches, forcing pilots to make adjustments for a precise touchdown.

Quick Math for 3° Descent Rates:

• Flying at 90 knots? Your descent rate should be approximately 450 Feet Per Minute (FPM).
• Calculation: Divide ground speed by 2 and add a zero (90/2 = 45, 45 with a zero = 450 FPM).
• Alternatively, multiply your groundspeed by 5 to estimate your descent rate.

Understanding the Math:

• 3° = 5.24% gradient.
• 1 NM = 6076 feet. Therefore, 6076 ft x 0.0524 = 318.4 ft/NM.
• Need to descend faster? Increase your descent rate proportionally.

When to Begin Your Descent:

• Formula: Divide the altitude to lose by 300.
• Example: Need to descend from 11,000' to 2,000'? That's 9,000' to lose. 9,000'/300 = 30 NM out. Simple, right?

Pilot's Tip: Start your descent a bit earlier to comfortably reach pattern altitude before arriving at the airport.

Wishing you blue skies, tailwinds, and safe journeys. Keep soaring in knowledge and skill!.

Inside a Single Engine Aircraft

 

Exam

 

https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/supplements

VOR Questions  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=it68YViqlsY